Al Muwallat with the Kuffar
Al Muwalaat with the non-Muslims is divided into two divisions:
1- KUFR AKBAR
2- KUFR DUNA KUFR
2- KUFR DUNA KUFR
KUFR AKBAR
This is called Al Muwalaat Zaahirah, which is defined as follows:
"Al Muwalaat Zaahirah is a person who explicitly, publicly stands out with the kafir and mushriks with his tongue and limbs and strengthens them, enhances them, increases their numbers, and allies with them against Muslims regardless of his heart."
"Al Muwalaat Zaahirah is a person who explicitly, publicly stands out with the kafir and mushriks with his tongue and limbs and strengthens them, enhances them, increases their numbers, and allies with them against Muslims regardless of his heart."
This form of Muwalaat will take you out of the fold of Islam, and is clearly evident in the verse of the Qur'an in Surah Ma'idah where Allah (swt) says:
"O you who believe, do not take the jews and Christians as awliyaa', they are only awliyaa' to each other, and whoever does take them as friends, they are one of them, and Allah does not guide Al Zalimun." [EMQ 5:51]
"O you who believe, do not take the jews and Christians as awliyaa', they are only awliyaa' to each other, and whoever does take them as friends, they are one of them, and Allah does not guide Al Zalimun." [EMQ 5:51]
In the Tafseer of Imam Qurtubi of this ayah he quotes Ikrimah and Abdullah ibn Abbas (ra), he says:
"'he is one of them' means that his hukm is like their hukm, he will not receive inheritance because he is murtad, we must declare animosity on him like we declare animosity to them, and we are obliged to fight him like we are obliged to fight them, and he deserves hellfire like them. This is the opinion of Ikrimah and ibn Abbas (ra)."
"'he is one of them' means that his hukm is like their hukm, he will not receive inheritance because he is murtad, we must declare animosity on him like we declare animosity to them, and we are obliged to fight him like we are obliged to fight them, and he deserves hellfire like them. This is the opinion of Ikrimah and ibn Abbas (ra)."
Furthermore, Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab compiled the ten negations of Imaan, and amongst them was 'Alliance with the kuffar,'
Sayyid Qutb who lived his life as Ash'ari, but changed to follow Ahl Al Sunnah Wal Jama'ah, said:
"Many people think to be 'with them' means to follow them (their deen), that is far from the truth, it is to support them with the tongue and the limbs and to love them."
"Many people think to be 'with them' means to follow them (their deen), that is far from the truth, it is to support them with the tongue and the limbs and to love them."
Moreover it has been said:
"Any Muwalaat to the kuffar will make you kafir, and permit Muslims to fight you and kill you, even if you claim to be Muslim and declare the shahadah."
"Any Muwalaat to the kuffar will make you kafir, and permit Muslims to fight you and kill you, even if you claim to be Muslim and declare the shahadah."
This has been further demonstrated in the Qur'an where Allah (swt) says:
"When angels take the souls of those who die in sin against their souls, they say: "In what (plight) Were ye?" They reply: "Weak and oppressed Were we in the earth." They say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to make hijrah?" Such men will find their abode in Hell,- What an evil refuge! Except those who are (really) weak and oppressed (Al Mustad'afeena) -men, women, and children - who have no means in their power, nor (a guide-post) to their way. For these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: For Allah doth blot out (sins) and forgive again and again." [EMQ 4: 97-99]
"When angels take the souls of those who die in sin against their souls, they say: "In what (plight) Were ye?" They reply: "Weak and oppressed Were we in the earth." They say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to make hijrah?" Such men will find their abode in Hell,- What an evil refuge! Except those who are (really) weak and oppressed (Al Mustad'afeena) -men, women, and children - who have no means in their power, nor (a guide-post) to their way. For these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: For Allah doth blot out (sins) and forgive again and again." [EMQ 4: 97-99]
These ayat were revealed about people who had embraced Islam in Makkah, but did not go with Muhammad (saw) at the time of Hudaibiyah, rather they stayed in Makkah.
Ibn Kathir and Imam Qurtubi made tafseer on these ayat, they said:
"These ayat are about Muslims who stayed in Makkah at the time of Hudaibiyah because they were attached to the land and their houses, until Quraish asked them to join the army of Quraish to fight in Badr against the Muslims. They went out in Badr against the Messenger Muhammad (saw), Allah called them kafir and gave permission to kill them all" [Qurtubi V.5 P.349]
"These ayat are about Muslims who stayed in Makkah at the time of Hudaibiyah because they were attached to the land and their houses, until Quraish asked them to join the army of Quraish to fight in Badr against the Muslims. They went out in Badr against the Messenger Muhammad (saw), Allah called them kafir and gave permission to kill them all" [Qurtubi V.5 P.349]
Allah called them kafir and gave permission to kill them all, ordering them to go to hellfire forever. He Quoted Ikrimah (ra) who said:
"There was a group of Muslims who did not make hijrah, they were asked to join the army (of Quraish) …" [Qurtubi V.5 P.349]
"There was a group of Muslims who did not make hijrah, they were asked to join the army (of Quraish) …" [Qurtubi V.5 P.349]
beacuse of this, the Messenger Muhammad (saw) said:
"Fight in the name of Allah, in the way of Allah, and if you meet them, fight them."
"Fight in the name of Allah, in the way of Allah, and if you meet them, fight them."
Imam Qurtubi said: "Even under duress, it does not excuse them to go out against their Muslim brothers." [Qurtubi V.5 P.349]
Abdullah ibn Abbas said:
"I used to be with my mother - Al Mustad'afeen staying in Makkah that Allah (swt) gave excuse for in the Qur'an."
"I used to be with my mother - Al Mustad'afeen staying in Makkah that Allah (swt) gave excuse for in the Qur'an."
These Muslims were also addressed in another ayah, because it happened that those Muslims who had joined the army of the Quraish against the Muslims in Badr were passing Madina in order to trade, the Muslims in Madinah heard that they would be coming to Madina and they readied to kill them when they arrived, however a group of Munafiqeen came out condemning them, asking how they could kill people who say 'laa ilaha illAllah'. Allah revealed an ayah addressing both these groups of hypocrites:
Allah (swt) says:
"Why should you be divided into two parties about the Hypocrites? Allah has upset them for their (evil) deeds. Would you guide those whom Allah has misguided? For those whom Allah has misguided, never shall they find the Way. They wish that you should disbelieve as they do, and thus be on the same footing (as they): But take not friends from them until they make hijrah in the way of Allah. But if they turn back, seize them and kill them wherever you find them; and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from them." [EMQ 4: 88-89]
"Why should you be divided into two parties about the Hypocrites? Allah has upset them for their (evil) deeds. Would you guide those whom Allah has misguided? For those whom Allah has misguided, never shall they find the Way. They wish that you should disbelieve as they do, and thus be on the same footing (as they): But take not friends from them until they make hijrah in the way of Allah. But if they turn back, seize them and kill them wherever you find them; and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from them." [EMQ 4: 88-89]
Allah called both groups hypocrites, both those who fought against the Muslims, and those who defended them from those hypocrites in Madina.
Ibn Kathir quoted ibn Abbas in his tafseer of this ayah:
"This ayah came about a group of Muslims in Makkah who claimed to be Muslims. They supported the kuffar against the Muslims, they went to Madina and the people disputed whether to kill them or not, Allah (swt) said: "kill them wherever you find them."
"This ayah came about a group of Muslims in Makkah who claimed to be Muslims. They supported the kuffar against the Muslims, they went to Madina and the people disputed whether to kill them or not, Allah (swt) said: "kill them wherever you find them."
And ibn Abbas said further:
"When the ayah was revealed "kill them wherever you find them.", they were running around Madina, worried that the ayah would apply to them."
"When the ayah was revealed "kill them wherever you find them.", they were running around Madina, worried that the ayah would apply to them."
And Allah (swt) declared those who take the kuffar as friends to be kafir, Allah (swt) says:
"You see many of them turning in friendship to the Unbelievers. Evil indeed are (the works) which their souls have sent forward before them (with the result), that Allah's wrath is on them, and in torment will they abide. If only they had believed in Allah, in the Messenger, and in what has been revealed to him, never would they have taken them for friends and protectors, but most of them are Al Fasiqun." [EMQ 5: 80-81]
"You see many of them turning in friendship to the Unbelievers. Evil indeed are (the works) which their souls have sent forward before them (with the result), that Allah's wrath is on them, and in torment will they abide. If only they had believed in Allah, in the Messenger, and in what has been revealed to him, never would they have taken them for friends and protectors, but most of them are Al Fasiqun." [EMQ 5: 80-81]
- Al Fasiqun he means non-Muslims.
In Tafseer of this ayah, it was said:
"Ahl Al Nifaq were never known to the people except as Muwahhid, and whenever the ayat were revealed people used to look to eachother thinking 'who is it revealed about?'"
"Ahl Al Nifaq were never known to the people except as Muwahhid, and whenever the ayat were revealed people used to look to eachother thinking 'who is it revealed about?'"
This shows that though they spoke as if they were Muslims and claimed to believe, because of their kufr actions they were judged to be apostates, nobody knew who the hypocrites were except by seeing their (the hypocrites') deeds.
Allah (swt) also said:
"Let not the believers take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah. except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah." [EMQ 3: 28]
"Let not the believers take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah. except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah." [EMQ 3: 28]
And
"Do the Unbelievers think that they can take My servants as protectors besides Me? Verily We have prepared Hell for the Unbelievers for (their) entertainment." [EMQ 18: 102]
Allah is the wali, of the believers, and the believers MUST have walaa' with Allah, the kuffar however are completely detached from Allah, and they are not allowed to have walaa' with the believers.
In Sunan Al Darimi about this ayah it has been said that:
"This is an explicit exclamation that a kafir cannot take the Muslim as a friend, if he (the Muslim) takes him, he is kafir."
"This is an explicit exclamation that a kafir cannot take the Muslim as a friend, if he (the Muslim) takes him, he is kafir."
Allah (swt) informed us about one of the previous scholars from the jews:
"Relate to them the story of the man to whom We sent Our signs, but he passed them by: so Satan followed him up, and he went astray. If it had been Our will, We should have elevated him with Our signs; but he inclined to the earth, and followed his own vain desires. His similitude is that of a dog: if you attack him, he lolls out his tongue, or if you leave him alone, he (still) lolls out his tongue. That is the similitude of those who reject Our signs; So relate the story; perchance they may reflect."
It is regarding a man that had been giving 'ayat' or 'Ilm'. There is dispute with regards to this man, some say that he was a prophet, others believe him to be an 'Alim from Banu Israel, this is the stronger opinion. He was living among the kuffar at the time of Musa (as), but as Musa (as) and his people were coming to attack the kuffar, the people came to this 'Alim and complained out of fear for the people of Musa (as). They asked him to make du'a, until eventually the shaytan's whispering overtook him and he (the Alim) made du'a against Musa (as) out of preference for his people over the believers.
Because of this, Allah took back what he gave him, and condemned him in this ayah.
KUFR DUNA KUFR
Kufr less than kufr, meaning that this type of Muwalaat will not take you out of the fold of Islam.Al Muwalaat which is Kufr duna Kufr is to be angry for a nationalistic reason, until you commit the bigger Muwalaat (that is Kufr Akbar).
For example when the Prophet (saw) heard that the people made a fabrication against Aisha (ra). It had been spread by a man who went to two others, the aunt of Aisha, and a poet. Allah (swt) revealed eleven verses declaring the innocence of Aisha (ra), calling the rumours Ifq, (Ifq is not only slander, or a lie, but a COMPLETE fabrication.),
Sa'd ibn Mu'az said to Muhammad (saw):
"If he is one of aws we will kill him, if he was of the Khazraj, you will order us and we will kill him." [i.e. that if he is from their tribe, he would rather not kill them unless the Messenger orders them.]
"If he is one of aws we will kill him, if he was of the Khazraj, you will order us and we will kill him." [i.e. that if he is from their tribe, he would rather not kill them unless the Messenger orders them.]
The Prophet (saw) replied:
"He is not one of us the one who calls for Asabiyyah." [Bukhari]
"He is not one of us the one who calls for Asabiyyah." [Bukhari]
Another incident of nationalism was narrated by Jabir ibn Abdullah:
"A man from the Muhajireen brushed by a man from the ansar, the man called "O Ansar, support me" and the Muhajir called, "O Muhajireen, support me." (dividing them by their tribes against eachother.) the Prophet (saw) said: "leave Nationalism it is something that stinks."
"A man from the Muhajireen brushed by a man from the ansar, the man called "O Ansar, support me" and the Muhajir called, "O Muhajireen, support me." (dividing them by their tribes against eachother.) the Prophet (saw) said: "leave Nationalism it is something that stinks."
However he did not call them kafir, indicating that nationalism is Kufr Duna Kufr, it will make you sinful but not apostate.
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